تحلیل و بررسی عناصر ادبیات پلیسی-کارآگاهی در رمان‌های اسماعیل فصیح با تأکید بر رمان‌های مشهور جنایی

Ismail Fasih is one of the most famous and prolific writers in the field of fiction literature, whose elements of police literature have been reflected in a number of his works such as Dard-e Siavash, Shahbaz and the Owl, Raw Wine, Blind Heart, etc. However, despite the author's fame in this literary genre and his notable works, his name cannot be included among the creative writers of police and detective literature. The eloquent story writing style is in such a way that preserves the features of eastern story writing, targets the elements of Iranian story writing, and creates its special contexts. Besides, the writer has tried to include the features of western story writing in the novel. The authors of this research aim to measure the success or lack of success of Fasih in complying with the components of police literature and its accepted rules with the descriptive-analytical and citation method. The results showed that Fasih used most of the eight rules of "Van Dyne" - one of the famous writers of this genre in 1928 - in his novels. However, not all these principles are adhered to, and sometimes there are examples of violations. In general, it can be stated that his main creativity was in the localization of elements of western culture in the context of eastern fiction writing, and this research tries to find the main components and elements of police fiction literature in the important works of Fasih, especially in five works.
Introduction
Ismail Fasih is one of the most famous and prolific writers in the field of fiction literature, whose elements of police literature have been reflected in a number of his works such as Dard-e Siavash, Shahbaz and the Owl, Raw Wine, Blind Heart, etc. However, despite the author's fame in this literary genre and his notable works, his name cannot be included among the creative writers of police and detective literature. The eloquent story writing style is in such a way that preserves the features of eastern story writing, targets the elements of Iranian story writing, and creates its special contexts. Besides, the writer has tried to include the features of western story writing in the novel. The authors of this research aim to measure the success or lack of success of Fasih in complying with the components of police literature and its accepted rules with the descriptive-analytical and citation method. The results showed that Fasih used most of the eight rules of "Van Dyne" - one of the famous writers of this genre in 1928 - in his novels. However, not all these principles are adhered to, and sometimes there are examples of violations. In general, it can be stated that his main creativity was in the localization of elements of western culture in the context of eastern fiction writing, and this research tries to find the main components and elements of police fiction literature in the important works of Fasih, especially in five works. The most important questions of this research are as follows:

How successful is Fasih in observing the principles, components, and rules of detective literature; in other words, can his works be considered detective literature?
What narrative techniques and methods did Fasih use to create this genre?

Method
The authors' method in the present study is descriptive-analytical and citational, and one of the most important goals of the present study is to explain the position of detective literature in Iran, especially in the works of Ismail Fasih. Besides, it is to measure the degree of influence of this genre on Western detective literature.
Findings
Ismail Fasih, with novels such as Dard-e Siyavash, Shahbaz and Jogdan, Sharab-e Kham, Del-e Koor, etc. is considered one of the most capable writers in creating detective stories. Although his works are not among the first-class and creative detective works, his trip to the West and familiarity with world-famous detective stories have caused Fasih to pay more attention to localizing elements of Western culture in the context of Eastern fiction. He has also paid some attention to the important eight-fold rules of "Van Dine" in his novels. Despite this, he has not been able to implement all of these rules. In his famous detective novels, Fasih has paid attention to the basic components of this genre, such as the killer, the victim, the mystery, the way to decipher the murder, and of course, the suspect and the detective to some extent. In novels such as Dard-e Siavash, Shahbaz and Jogdan, Sharab-e Kham, and Del-e Koor, he has tried to create a complex criminal situation that engages the audience's mind to discover the killer and the murder story; but he has not had much success in this regard. Only in the novel Dard-e Siavash has he been able to create a practical example of a first-class detective novel; a principle that has remained weak in his other works: his novels have not been able to reach the level of crime-horror, dark, surprising, and complex mystery novels, and are more at the level of average detective novels, and the murder mysteries, despite the heartbreaking death of the victim, are not very complex, difficult, and ambiguous. In creating his detective stories, Fasih was largely influenced by the writing style of world-famous writers such as Allan Poe and Agatha Christie, and his main art is in fact the localization of these detective elements in the heart of his stories, which of course did not neglect the artistic beauties in this way. In general, it can be concluded that rather than being a representative of detective and detective literature writers, he is the representative of the spectrum of artistic and expert storytellers of Iranian stories, who have been able to depict the conditions of his era in the best possible way for his audience with strong characterization, beautiful, and charming descriptions and images, appropriate dialogues, and the use of social, historical, and cultural elements.
Discussion
Detective fiction is a new type of fiction with an ancient history, and to explore its roots, we must refer to the story of all murders throughout history and human efforts to discover and investigate their causes. The root of the emergence of such a genre is the human desire for mythmaking and storytelling.
Mystery novels are one of the types of this literary genre that tries to unravel the reasons for the crime. The father of this genre is Edgar Allan Poe and its undisputed queen is Agatha Christie. The most important types of this literary genre include the crime-horror novel, the black novel, the historical detective novel, the amazing detective novel, the detective novel of mysterious distant lands, and the mystery novel. This literary genre was one of the popular literary genres in Iran between 1300 and 1320, which relies mostly on fantasies arising from the author's reasoning and imagination to design a mystery and ultimately solve it with credible reasoning. The translation of detective stories from the late Qajar period encouraged Iranian writers to create detective stories. Besides, The London Police by Gunan Doyle (translated from Arabic by Abdolhossein Mirza Moyed al-Dawlah) can be considered the first translated detective story.