Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Department of Persian Language & Literature, Faculty of Humanities, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
2
Department of Persian Language & Literature, Faculty of Humanities, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
3
Department of Educational Sciencec, Faculty of Humanities, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
10.22126/rp.2025.10606.1938
Abstract
Among the various modes of thinking that have drawn the attention of contemporary scholars particularly within the humanities is critical thinking. Manifestations of critical thinking in The Shahnameh can be discerned in areas such as social and political decision-making, problem-solving, interpersonal relationships, marriage, and interactions with foreigners. Adopting a descriptive–analytical approach, the present study seeks to explore the components of critical thinking as reflected in the character of Siyâvash. Drawing upon Richard Paul and Linda Elder’s framework of critical thinking, this research identifies elements such as confidence in reason, intellectual autonomy, intellectual integrity and courage, empathy, fairness, intellectual humility, and freedom from bias in Siyâvash’s character. It may be argued that Ferdowsi, in crafting the figure of Siyâvash, not only recreated a heroic and mythological persona but also engaged with deeper layers of Iranian thought and rational inquiry. Instances of weak critical thinking in this mythic character are minimal and marginal; therefore, Siyâvash may be regarded as a paradigmatic example of a critical thinker within classical Persian literature. On the other hand, the analysis of Siavash’s character shows that Ferdowsi, as a rational-minded poet, highlights values such as empathy, independence, and intellectual courage, and records them in an artistic and enduring manner. Thus, the Shahnameh possesses remarkable potential for reinterpretation within the framework of modern theories of thought and philosophy, including critical thinking.
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