Phenomenological Analysis of the novel Al-Haram based on the Asymmetric Moral Responsibility of "Levinas"

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor of Arabic Language Department, Farhangian University, Iran

2 M.A. of Translation of Arabic Language, Qazvin International University of Emam Khomeini, Qazvin, Iran

3 PhD, Graduate of Arabic Language and Literature, University of Tehran, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Man's responsibility in relation to the other is a historical question that philosophers have sought to answer in their own ways. In the school of phenomenology, in which the interaction between the subject and the other has the particular importance, Levinas believes that the subject's responsibility to the other is asymmetric and unequal. The novel "Al-Haram" written by "Yusuf Idris" has been selected for study based on Levinas's approach because it contains a series of different relationships about women and the way the family and society treat them. Given the purpose of the study, which seeks to explain the effectiveness of Levinas's view in representing discrimination against women and their status as subjects and others, the most important characters of the novel, both in the position of "subjectivity" and in the position of "other" according to Levinas's report. The results of the research showed that the responsibility that a man owes to another as a subject in the face of femininity changes suddenly, but a woman as a subject must go beyond everything. The male subject does not have any disturbances in his comfort, he does not hesitate to use violence to eliminate the cause of unrest. In contrast, women have been under the tutelage of the male subject throughout their lives, and their family responsibilities are so arduous that they are not given the opportunity to express themselves. Levinas's view of femininity is not one of sympathy for their repressed role, but rather reduces the "feminine other" to the "same" of the masculine subject.

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References

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